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81.
《China Geology》2018,1(2):286-303
Nanogeology is a subject that is a combination of geology and nanoscale science, and it has been a frontier field in recent years. It is also a new subject with the features of intersectionality and multidisciplinary. Digging deeper into geological problems and nanoscale phenomena helps better revealing the more essential mechanisms and processes in geological science, which is also an evitable path in the development of geology. In this paper, we elaborate the concept, feature and main subdisciplines, and summarize three stages of nanogeology development from preliminary research in the 1990s to subject formation in China. After summarizing the researchers’ achievements in this field, we illustrate some primary research progresses of nanogeology in China as eight subdisciplines. On the basis of the above content, we propose the development prospect of nanogeology in China. There are many geologic problems with scientific values and economic benefits, such as research of geologic fundamental problems, resource exploration and development, mechanism study and prediction of geological activities (disasters), mechanism research and management of environmental pollution and others. Nanogeology has a great potential in China to solve all of these problems. As a result, the theories and methods of nanogeology will become enriching and advanced. It offers important theoretical basis and technological methods to deal with major issues concerning the national economy and the people’s livelihoods, such as the prediction of geological activities, as well as resource distribution and its exploration and utilization. 相似文献
82.
着重阐述了近10年来,为推动陆地表层研究深入发展,国家自然科学基金在重点发展领域、重大研究计划、重大项目、申请代码及学科分类体系细化等层面对资助方向的引导作用。 相似文献
83.
Eberhard Gischler Alex L. Thomas André W. Droxler Jody M. Webster Yusuke Yokoyama Bernd R. Schöne 《Sedimentology》2013,60(6):1432-1466
During Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 325, 34 holes were drilled along five transects in front of the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, penetrating some 700 m of late Pleistocene reef deposits (post‐glacial; largely 20 to 10 kyr bp ) in water depths of 42 to 127 m. In seven holes, drilled in water depths of 42 to 92 m on three transects, older Pleistocene (older than last glacial maximum, >20 kyr bp ) reef deposits were recovered from lower core sections. In this study, facies, diagenetic features, mineralogy and stable isotope geochemistry of 100 samples from six of the latter holes were investigated and quantified. Lithologies are dominated by grain‐supported textures, and were to a large part deposited in high‐energy, reef or reef slope environments. Quantitative analyses allow 11 microfacies to be defined, including mixed skeletal packstone and grainstone, mudstone‐wackestone, coral packstone, coral grainstone, coralline algal grainstone, coral‐algal packstone, coralline algal packstone, Halimeda grainstone, microbialite and caliche. Microbialites, that are common in cavities of younger, post‐glacial deposits, are rare in pre‐last glacial maximum core sections, possibly due to a lack of open framework suitable for colonization by microbes. In pre‐last glacial maximum deposits of holes M0032A and M0033A (>20 kyr bp ), marine diagenetic features are dominant; samples consist largely of aragonite and high‐magnesium calcite. Holes M0042A and M0057A, which contain the oldest rocks (>169 kyr bp ), are characterized by meteoric diagenesis and samples mostly consist of low‐magnesium calcite. Holes M0042A, M0055A and M0056A (>30 kyr bp ), and a horizon in the upper part of hole M0057A, contain both marine and meteoric diagenetic features. However, only one change from marine to meteoric pore water is recorded in contrast with the changes in diagenetic environment that might be inferred from the sea‐level history. Values of stable isotopes of oxygen and carbon are consistent with these findings. Samples from holes M0032A and M0033A reflect largely positive values (δ18O: ?1 to +1‰ and δ13C: +1 to +4‰), whereas those from holes M0042A and M0057A are negative (δ18O: ?4 to +2‰ and δ13C: ?8 to +2‰). Holes M0055A and M0056A provide intermediate values, with slightly positive δ13C, and negative δ18O values. The type and intensity of meteroric diagenesis appears to have been controlled both by age and depth, i.e. the time available for diagenetic alteration, and reflects the relation between reef deposition and sea‐level change. 相似文献
84.
Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Expeditions 304/305 recovered a total of 1.4 km sequence of lower crustal gabbroic and minor ultramafic rocks from the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex on the western flank of the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) at 30°N. We conducted an integrated paleomagnetic and rock magnetic study on this sequence to help address the interplay between magmatism and detachment faulting. Detailed thermal and alternating-field demagnetization results demonstrate that stable components of magnetization of mainly reversed polarity with unblocking temperatures below the Curie temperature of magnetite are retained in gabbroic rocks at IODP Site U1309. Several samples also contain multicomponent remanences of both normal and reversed polarities that were acquired over sharply defined blocking temperature intervals, providing evidence for localized reheating of some intervals during both normal and reversed polarity periods. Results from a series of rock magnetic measurements corroborate the demagnetization behavior and show that titanomagnetites are the main magnetic carrier rocks recovered at Site U1309D. The overall magnetic inclination of Hole U1309D is -35°, implying significant (up to ~ 50° counterclockwise, viewed to the north) rotation of the footwall around a horizontal axis parallel to the rift axis (010°) may have occurred. The tectonic rotations inferred by the paleomagnetic data suggest that the original fault orientation dipped relative steeply toward the spreading axis and subsequently rotated to a shallower angle. Coupled with the newly published U–Pb zircon ages for Hole U1309D rocks [Grimes, C.B., John, B.E., Wooden, J.L., 2008. Protracted construction of gabbroic crust at a slow-spreading ridge: Constraints from 206Pb/238U zircon ages from Atlantis Massif and IODP Hole 1309D, (30°N, MAR). Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 9, Q08012. doi:1029/2008GC002063], the new paleomagnetic data provide temporal and thermal constraints on the accretion history of the Atlantis Massif. 相似文献
85.
中国位于全球三大成矿域的交汇部位,成矿条件优越.同时发育有几种独具特色的成矿系统,如西南大面积低温成矿域、峨眉山地幔柱成矿系统以及广泛分布在华北的前寒武纪条带状铁矿,引起国内外地质学界的广泛关注.对这3种特殊的成矿系统近年来的科研进展进行了综述性回顾,并提出今后需要加强研究的若干重要科学问题. 相似文献
86.
综合大洋钻探计划(IODP)经过5年(2003-2008年)的过渡运行,在2009年真正实现了"多平台"钻探格局,美国"决心号"、日本"地球号"和欧洲联合体"特定任务平台"同时执行特定海区和地质条件的钻探航次.随着澳大利亚-新西兰联合体和印度的加入,IODP"大家庭"已有7个成员单位共24个国家,犬洋钻探的国际合作渐入"佳境".IODP钻探航次在2009年的重大进展包括:"地球号"在IODP第319航次首次实施立管钻探并成功取芯;经全面改造升级后的"决心号"首航赤道太平洋成功获取53 Ma以来古赤道太平洋连续沉积物断面;"特定任务平台"成功实施推迟2年多的新泽西陆架IODP第313航次等.我国科学家在近年来参加IODP航次、提交航次建议书、积极参加国际学术会议等方面明显活跃,大大提高我国科学家的国际学术竞争力,并在海洋科学的相关领域进入了国际前沿. 相似文献
87.
"973"计划资源环境领域数据汇交进展与数据分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
国家科技计划项目数据汇交对于促进科学数据的整合集成,增强国家科技投入的效益,提高我国科技计划项目管理水平具有重要意义。经过充分研究,科技部基础司选择国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资源环境领域作为试点,于2008年启动数据汇交工作,并专门成立数据汇交中心。2008年,按照数据汇交计划制定、数据汇交准备、数据实体汇交、数据共享服务4个阶段的工作流程,分"已结题"、"即将于2008年结题"和"在研"3种类型开展汇交工作,完成了24个结题项目的数据汇交,汇交数据总量超过620 GB。为了保证数据汇交的可操作性和规范化,数据汇交中心制定了包括核心元数据规范、数据文档格式等7项标准规范;研制了数据汇交软件工具;建立了海量数据存储环境;设计开发了数据汇交共享服务网络平台。面向数据服务进一步的需要,分析了已汇交数据情况,具体分为5种类型,即定点长期监测和野外定点调查类、区域调查和统计分析类、模型计算类、试验化验分析类、客观或主观描述类,并提出了相应的数据展示策略。 相似文献
88.
89.
90.
降雪与冻雨天气研究回顾 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
2008年初,中国南方许多地区出现了历史罕见的持续雨雪、冰冻天气,对电力、交通、农业、林业等造成了极大破坏。分析研究这种在全球气候变化背景下发生的极端天气事件的形成原因,有助于提高预测水平和对类似灾害性天气的防范能力。在对近年来国内外关于冬季降雪和冻雨天气研究进行简略回顾的基础上,对其未来研究方向进行了展望。认为:在全球气候变暖的背景下,要加强雨雪、冰冻天气形成机理与变化规律的研究,特别是要加强其发生的前兆性研究;要充分利用现代先进的探测技术和手段,提高对雨雪、冰冻天气的监测能力;要建立和完善对雨雪、冰冻灾害天气时间发生、发展的预报技术和方法。 相似文献